Speech therapy is the assessment and treatment of communication problems and speech disorders. It is performed by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), which are often referred to as speech therapists.

Speech therapy techniques are used to improve communication. These include articulation therapy, language intervention activities, and others depending on the type of speech or language disorder.

Speech therapy may be needed for speech disorders that develop in childhood or speech impairments in adults caused by an injury or illness, such as stroke or brain injury. Following are the problems which require Speech Therapy:

• Articulation disorders: Children having problem with making sounds in syllables, or saying words incorrectly.
• Fluency disorders: These include problems such as stuttering, in which the flow of speech is interrupted like by partial-word repetitions ("w - w want a pen"), or prolonging sounds as (fffffffourteen)
• Resonance or voice disorders: These are problems with the pitch, volume, or quality of the voice.
• Receptive disorders are problems with comprehending or processing language
• Expressive disorders are problems with putting words together, having a limited vocabulary, or being unable to use language in a socially appropriate way.
• Cognitive-communication disorders are problems with communication skills that involve memory, attention, perception, organization, regulation, and problem solving.
• For a child, speech therapy may take place in a classroom or small group, or one-on-one, depending on the child’s profile and needs:

For a child, speech therapy may take place in a classroom or small group, or one-on-one, depending on the child’s profile and needs:
It usually begins with extensive and accurate assessment. Then it involves following:

• Interaction through talking and playing, and using books, pictures other objects as part of language intervention to help stimulate language development.
• Model correct sounds and syllables for a child during age-appropriate play to teach the child how to make certain sounds.
• Provide strategies and homework for the child and parent or caregiver on how to do speech therapy at home.

In adults exercises may involve:

• Problem solving, memory, and organization, and other activities geared at improving cognitive communication
• Conversational tactics to improve social communication
• Breathing exercises for resonance
• Exercises to strengthen oral